Determinación de Cocaína y sus principales metabolitos en muestras biológicas por Cromatografia Gas-Líquido

Abstract

Determination of cocaine and its main metabolites in biological samples continues bcing a difficult task, which is performed in the most specialized laboratories by means of liquid-liquid extractíon or solid phase extraction procedures following a chromatographic technique, for example thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography or high performance üquid chromatography, The gas chromatography/mass spcctrometry dueto its highspecificity arul sensitivity seem to be the generally accepted as a rigorous technique for tbis kind of studies. This report deals about the review of the gas chromatography methods for determination of cocaine and its main metabolites in biological specimens that have been published in thc last decade fundarnentally. It is summarized in detail, blood, urine, tissues, nail, hair, meconium, saliva andsweat isolation methods for cocame and its main metabolites, with special attention to the respective preparatíon sarnples procedures before the extraction. Although, urine is the sample of choice for drug analysís, general consideration regarding the utility of other samples in the diagnosis of cocaine consumption was made. The chromatography conditions ( columns, temperature programme, detectíon methods ), extraction procedutes, derivatization techniques, mass spectro­metric detection mode and sensitivity thal were used in the development of assay for these analytes was tabulated. This review concludes that after the preparation samples techniques, the Solid Phase Extraction procedures followlng the fused-silica capillary cohimn (HP-1, HP-5) gas chromatograpby procedures were the most often used methods for determination of cocaine and its main metabolites in biological specimens.