Aislamiento y selección de una cepa bacteriana degradadora de hidrocarburos a partir de suelos contaminados con petróleo

Abstract

The scientific understanding about the role microorganisms carry out in the treatment of polluting agents of the
environment as to oil, are essential to prevent or to control the damages that can cause the spills or flights of these. The degradation
of oil is a process that can happen in natural form by native microorganisms of contaminated zone whenever they have the
appropriate metabolic routes. For that reason in this moment to improve that the microorganisms can offer these possibilities to
technologies based on the use in the remediation of the contamination are being developed. In the present work the biodegradation
of petroleum by isolated strain of soil contaminated of petroleum was studied. The isolation was carried out by sequential
enrichment using as carbon and energy source petroleum crude Mesa 30/Puerto Escondido (80 : 20). Nine bacterial strains were
isolated, of which five were negative Gram and four positive Gram, which were identified by the Bergey`s Manual, 1994.
The biochemistry test confirmed that the isolated strains AT14, AT15, AT16, AT17 and AT18 belong to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In this study the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AT18 was selected to show high growth in oil as one source of carbon and energy to
obtain 1.83 g · L-1 of cell biomass which represents 57 % of biodegradation of oil.